摘要先天性功能性孤立肾（congenital solitary functioning kidney，CSFK）与拥有双侧肾脏人群的生活方式相比会有所不同。基于肾小球过度滤过学说，CSFK会导致肾小球损坏，进而引起高血压、蛋白尿，甚至进展为终末期肾病。大多数CSFK可以在产前超声筛查中被发现，但是仍有高达38%的单侧肾缺如的胎儿被漏诊。高血压、蛋白尿和肾小球滤过率轻度降低等，通常不会导致明显的肾脏损伤症状，但会对长期健康构成威胁。因此最好从婴儿期开始，就对CSFK人群进行肾功能的筛查。及早治疗能够减轻继发性肾损伤，从而为CSFK的人群提供更好的生活方式。

abstractsLifestyles of children with congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK) may be different from those born with two kidneys. Based upon the hyperfiltration hypothesis, CSFK may lead to glomerular damage with hypertension and albuminuria and progress towards end-stage renal disease. Most congenital cases are detected during antenatal ultrasonic screening. However, up to 38% of individuals with unilateral renal agenesis are missed. Hypertension, albuminuria and mildly reduced glomerular filtration rate generally do not result in specific complaints but may pose a long-term threat to physical wellbeing. Thus it is imperative to screen for renal injury in any CSFK individual as early as infancy. With timely treatment, secondary consequences may be minimized for providing an optimal life for CSFK children.