摘要Mountains are rich in biodiversity,and butterflies are species-rich and have a good ecological and evolutionary research foundation.This review addresses the potential and progress of studying mountain biodiversity using butterflies as a model.We discuss the uniqueness of mountain ecosystems,factors influencing the distribution of mountain butterflies,representative genetic and evolutionary models in butterfly research,and evolutionary studies of mountain biodiversity involving butterfly genetics and ge-nomics.Finally,we demonstrate the necessity of studying mountain butterflies and propose future per-spectives.This review provides insights for studying the biodiversity of mountain butterflies as well as a summary of research methods for reference.