摘要Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a globally vital crop for oil production and food security.High-quality genomic resources are instrumental for both functional genomics and breeding.Here,we report a near-complete,high-quality genome assembly of the elite cultivar Tianlong 1(TL1),featuring fully resolved telomeres and centromeres,as well as a gap-free assembly of 14 of its 20 chromosomes.On the basis of the genome assembly,we generate an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized population comprising 2555 M7 plants.Whole-genome resequencing of 288 EMS mutants uncovers 1,163,869 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 542,709 insertions/deletions(InDels),achieving 91.89％coverage of predicted protein-coding genes.Phenotypic screening demonstrates robust genotype-phenotype asso-ciations,with two nonsynonymous mutants displaying pronounced defects in seed and leaf development.Collectively,the chromosome-scale TL1 genome assembly and the extensively characterized mutant population establish valuable resources for functional genomics and precision breeding in soybean and related legume species.