摘要目的 成就动机对医学生的身心健康发展和学业成就有着非常重要的影响.为了提高医学生的成就动机,对医学生的教养方式、自尊水平与其成就动机之间的关系进行研究.方法 采用整群随机取样法,使用父母养育方式评价量表(Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran,EMBU)、自尊量表(The Self-Esteem Scale,SES)和成就动机量表(The Achievement Motive Scale,AMS)对200名医学生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷180份,有效问卷回收率90.0％.所得数据采用SPSS 19.0进行分析,所使用的主要统计分析方法有:独立样本t检验、方差分析(ANOVA)、相关分析及回归分析等.结果 ①在父母教养方式中,父母惩罚严厉和母亲过分干涉在医学生性别上存在差异,且具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).②自尊水平与成就动机水平不存在年级差异.③独生子女与非独生子女在父母教养方式上的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).④自尊水平与父母情感温暖理解呈显著正相关(r=0.426,0.453,P＜0.01),并与父母惩罚严厉、父母拒绝否认呈显著负相关(r=-0.376,-0.353,-0.291,-0.280,P＜0.01).追求成功的动机(Ms)与母亲情感温暖理解、父亲过分干涉、自尊水平呈显著正相关(r=0.211,0.228,0.330,P＜0.01).避免失败的动机(Ms)与自尊水平呈显著负相关(r=0.330,P＜0.01).⑤自尊水平与父亲过分干涉对成就动机的预测作用显著(P＜0.001).结论 医学生的教养方式、自尊水平与其成就动机之间密切相关,应当高度重视自尊水平在教养方式和成就动机之间的中介作用.

abstractsObjective Achievement motivation has a very important influence on the development of medical students' physical and mental health and academic achievement.In order to improve medical student' achievement motivation,the research of the relationship among parental rearing styles,self-esteem and achievement motivation of medical students were studied.Methods 200 medical students were evaluated with EMBU,SES and AMS by adopting cluster sampling methods,180 valid questionnaires were recycled.All the obtained data was analyzed by spss19.0.Statistical analysis methods mainly include:independent sample T test,analysis of variance (ANOVA),correlation analysis and regression analysis,etc.Results ①In parental rearing styles,parents' severely punishment and mother' s too much interference has significant difference in gender(P＜0.001).②The scores of self-esteem and achievement motivation exit no grade differences.③Parental rearing styles has significant difference between single children and non-single children(P＜0.001).④ Self-esteem and parents' emotional warmth was significantly positive correlation (r =0.426,0.453,P＜0.01);Parents' punishment and parents' refusal to deny has significantly negative correlation (r =0.376,0.353,0.291,0.280,P＜0.01).Motivation to pursue the success (Ms),mother's emotional warmth,father's excessive interference and self-esteem was significantly positive correlation (r =0.211,0.228,0.211,P＜0.01).Motivation of avoiding failure (Ms) and self-esteem was significantly negative correlation (r=0.330,P＜0.01).⑤Self-esteem and father's too much interference could predict the achievement motivation well(P＜0.001).Conclusions The parental rearing styles,self-esteem and achievement motivation of medical students were significantly relevant.More attention should be paid to the level of self-esteem between parental rearing styles and achievement motivation.