摘要针对健康不平等及其背后的社会、政治、经济等结构性问题的挑战，美国学者提出了结构胜任力的理念，并设计了美国医学教育的结构胜任力课程。本文概述了结构胜任力的概念与能力内涵，并结合实例介绍了美国结构胜任力课程的内容结构、教学策略及其成效评估和反馈。美国医学教育中的结构胜任力课程对于我国医学人文课程建设和促进医学科学与人文精神的融合发展具有借鉴意义，探索具有中国特色的结构胜任力课程，需要加强医学科学与社会科学的学科融合，同时在课程设计中强化体验式学习，并结合中国医疗的现实开展课程建设。

abstractsFacing the challenges of health inequalities and the social, political, and economic structures behind them, scholars in the U. S. proposed the idea of structural competency. They also designed the structural competency curricula in medical education. This article outlines the concept of structural competency and the components of this new competency. It also describes the content structure, teaching strategy, evaluation of and feedback on structural competency curricula with examples from the U. S. The U. S. experience is a valuable reference for medical humanities curriculum development and the integration of medical sciences and humanities in China. In the effort to explore a structural competency curriculum with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration between medical sciences and social sciences while enhancing experiential learning in course design. It is also important to develop such a curriculum based on the context of healthcare in China.