摘要人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)技术的引入正在逐步重塑医学教育的面貌。近年来，以辅助诊断AI和生成式AI为代表，AI技术在毕业后医学教育中得到了日益广泛且深入的应用。本文介绍了AI在毕业后医学教育中辅助教学实施、辅助自主学习和辅助评估与反馈的应用进展，展示其提升教学效率与质量，促进临床能力的精准培训与个性化培养，推动医师从传统学习向人机协同新模式过渡的能力和潜力。本文还对AI技术带来的伦理问题、数据安全、教育公平性、技术接受度和"医学＋AI"交叉人才培养等一系列挑战进行了探讨。

abstractsThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology is progressively reshaping the medical education. In recent years, represented by diagnostic assistance AI and generative AI, AI technology has been increasingly and extensively applied in various aspects of postgraduate medical education. This review introduces the progress of AI applications in postgraduate medical education, including assistance in teaching implementation, self-directed learning, and assessment and feedback. The review demonstrates the ability and potential of AI to enhance teaching efficiency and quality, promote precise and personalized clinical competence development, and facilitate the transition of physicians from traditional learning to a new model of human-computer collaboration. The review also discusses the challenges generated by AI technology, such as ethical issues, data security, educational equity, technology acceptance, and the cultivation of "medicine + AI" interdisciplinary professionals.