摘要背景 降眼压治疗是青光眼最确切的治疗手段.明确降眼压治疗对视盘和视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFLT)的影响及其随时间而变化的规律将为青光眼患者降眼压治疗效果的评估提供视神经评价的客观依据. 目的 动态评价原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者小梁切除手术前后视盘结构参数和RNFLT的改变,分析青光眼患者手术前后的影像结构改变与眼压下降幅度及视野平均缺损(MD)的关系. 方法 采用前瞻性病例系列观察研究设计.纳入在中山大学中山眼科中心接受小梁切除手术治疗的POAG患者39例40眼,术前高眼压状态下及术后2周,1、3、6个月及1年均行眼压测量,并采用海德堡视网膜扫描仪进行视盘形态学检查,采用光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)进行RNFLT测量,术前及术后3个月、6个月、1年行双眼视野检查.比较手术前后视盘结构参数和RNFLT随时间的变化情况,并分析眼压下降幅度以及疾病严重程度对视盘结构参数改变的影响. 结果 POAG患者39例40眼术前平均眼压为(32.77±8.64) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)；术后2周,1、3、6个月,1年的眼压分别为(12.45±3.65)、(13.05±3.90)、(13.42±3.33)、(14.22±2.60)、(14.74±2.46) mmHg,均较术前明显下降,各时间的总体差异有统计学意义(F=13.73,P=0.00),POAG患者术眼手术前后视野MD值的变化差异无统计学意义(F=1.02,P=0.41).小梁切除手术后视盘参数视杯面积(CA)、杯/盘面积比(C/DAR)、视杯容积(CV)、平均视杯深度(MCD)、视杯形态测量(CSM)、水平C/D、垂直C/D比手术前变小,盘沿面积(RA)、沿/盘面积比(R/DAR)、视盘轮廓线高度变化(HVC)、盘沿容积(RV)、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度(mRNFLT)、视网膜神经纤维层截面面积(RNFLA)比手术前增加,但随着术后时间的延长,改善参数逐渐减少,至术后1年,RV、CSM、mRNFLT、RNFLA仍较术前增加,而垂直C/D较术前减少,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术前后各时间点OCT测量的全周mRNFLT和上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧4个象限mRNFLT比较差异均无统计学意义(F=1.63,P=0.16;F=0.51,P=0.77;F=1.44,P=0.20;F=1.02,P=0.32；F=1.31,P=0.30).术后1年较术前眼压下降的幅度与RV,CSM及垂直C/D的改善幅度均呈正相关(r=0.45,P=0.02;r=0.41,P=0.04;r=0.58,P=0.00).术眼手术前MD绝对值与术后1年RV及CSM的改善幅度均呈负相关(r=-0.43,P=0.03；r=-0.62,P=0.00).结论 小梁手术有效降低眼压后1年,POAG患者的视盘结构参数可部分得到改善,疾病程度越轻,眼压下降的幅度越大,视盘结构参数的改善越明显.

abstractsBackground Lowing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only effective treating method in glaucoma.Making sure the change of optic disc parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients after IOP reduced can provide objective evidence for evaluating the effect of lowing-IOP on the function of optic nerve.Objective The present study was to evaluate the change of optic disc parameters and RNFLT in POAG patients after trabeculectomy,and analyze the affecting factors of image parameters.Methods A serial case-observational study was adapted.Forty eyes of 39 patients with POAG underwent trabeculectomy were recruited in the study.IOP was examined and perimetry was performed before operation and 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery.Optical parameters and RNFLT were measured using Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in above-mentioned time points.The correlations between lowing-IOP range or disease severity and optical disc parameters or mean RNFLT (mRNFLT) were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation.Results Mean IOP of the 40 eyes was (32.77±8.64) mmHg before operation and (12.45 ±3.65) mmHg,(13.05±3.90) mmHg,(13.42± 3.33) mmHg,(14.22± 2.60) mmHg and (14.74±2.46)mmHg 2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year after operation,with a significant difference among various time points (F=13.73,P =0.00).However,no significant difference was seen in the mean defect of perimetry among the different time points (F=1.02,P=0.41).The cup area (CA),cup/disc area ratio (C/DAR),cup volume (CV),mean cup depth (MCD),cup shape measurement (CSM),horizontal C/D,vertical C/D,rim area (RA),rim/disc area ratio (R/DAR),height variation contour (HVC),rim volume (RV),mRNFLT,RNFL cross sectional area (RNFLA) were gradually improved after operation in comparison with before operation.One year after operation,RV,CSM,mRNFLT,RNFLA were still increased,but vertical C/D was reduced after operation than that of before (P＜0.05).No significant differences were found in the whole mRNFLT and superior quadrant mRNFLT,inferior quadrant mRNFLT,nasal quadrant mRNFLT and temporal quadrant mRNFLT among before and after operation (F=1.63,P=0.16; F=0.51,P=0.77; F=1.44,P=0.20;F=1.02,P=0.32; F=1.31,P=0.30).Positive correlations were found between lowing-IOP range and the improvement of RV,CSM,vertical C/D (r =0.45,P =0.02; r=0.41,P=0.04; r=0.58,P=0.00),and negative correlations were seen between absolute value of MD and the improvement of RV,CSM 1 year after operation (r=-0.43,P=0.03; r=-0.62,P=0.00).Conclusions Reduction of IOP after trabeculectomy results in the reversal of optic disc parameters.The improvement of the optic disc parameters may be a protective factor for progression of glaucomatous optical nerve damage.