摘要背景 遗传性视网膜疾病(HRDs)是以原发性视网膜病变为主要病理改变、视力和色觉等视敏度严重损害为主要临床表现的致盲眼病,其与遗传因素密切相关,是临床上难治性盲的首要原因. 目的 应用目标基因捕获结合二代测序技术检测HRDs的致病基因. 方法 选择2014年1月至2015年1月在宁夏眼科医院就诊的无遗传性眼病家族史的20例HRDs患者作为研究对象.收集所有患者及其家庭成员临床资料,完善眼科检查,抽取患者和家庭正常成员外周静脉血,提取DNA.针对232个HRDs已知致病基因的目标序列设计并定制目标序列捕获芯片,借助高通量二代测序技术检测患者的遗传变异,数据经分析滤过,候选突变进行Sanger测序验证和致病性评估,明确致病基因和突变,并对表型和基因型间的关系进行分析.结果 20例HRDs患者中有11例患者检测到致病性突变位点,共涉及9个基因,阳性率为55％.其中有8例患者检测到复合杂合突变,3例患者为纯合子突变,均为新发现的突变位点.通过对家系成员的基因筛查分析,6例HRDs患者为常染色体隐性遗传,5例遗传类型不确定.结合临床表型以及基因检测结果分析,11例HRDs患者的诊断分别为锥杆细胞营养不良5例,致病基因分别为ABCA4、RPE65、USH2A、RIMS1和RHO;Leber先天性黑曚3例,致病基因分别为CRB1(2例)和LCA5;先天性静止性夜盲l例,致病基因为PRPF3;Best卵黄样黄斑营养不良1例,致病基因为BEST1基因;Stargardt病1例,致病基因为ABCA4基因. 结论 目标基因捕获结合二代测序技术可以对视网膜疾病患者进行快速、有效的基因诊断,结合临床特征分析有助于提高隐性遗传及遗传方式不明的HRDs的临床诊断水平.

abstractsBackground Hereditary retinal diseases (HRDs) are a group of retinal degenerative diseases with significant genetic and clinical heterogeneities.Traditional techniques are challenging for detection of pathogenic mutations.Objective This study was to identify the diseasing-causal genes in 20 Chinese families with a variety of HRDs.Methods Family histories and ophthalmic examinations were obtained from all participants in 20 sporadic families.Targeted sequence capture array technique with next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to detect pathogenic mutations in 232 identified genes associated with HRDs.Variants detected by NGS were filtered by bioinformatic analysis HRDs.Genotype-phenotype correlation was also assessed.Results We identified 11 patients with pathogenic mutations,including 8 compound heterozygous mutations and 3 homozygous mutations,which were not yet reported.These findings showed genetic diagnoses in 11 of 20 patients,with the positive rate of 55％.Among them,6 patients were autosomal recessive inheritance and 5 were unspecific.Identification of different mutations and divergent phenotypes revealed 5 patients were affected with cone-rod dystrophy,3 patients with Leber congenital amaurosis,1 patient with congenital stationary night blindness,1 patient with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and 1 patient with Stargardt disease.Conclusions Targeted NGS is an effective approach for the genetic diagnoses of HRDs.These findings provide insights into understanding the genotype-phenotype correlations in HRDs.