摘要角膜基质是角膜的主要组成部分.角膜基质透明性的维持包括角膜基质内胶原薄板的整齐排列及角膜基质细胞外基质(ECM)具有合适的蛋白聚糖.角膜发育中,神经嵴细胞和Keratoblasts分化成角膜基质细胞,合成高水平的胶原蛋白和蛋白聚糖.角膜基质胶原纤维的产生与组装需要一系列细胞内外成分的参与.组装而成的胶原纤维沉积于ECM,合成小的纤维束,之后再形成特殊组织中更大的结构.角膜损伤修复过程是由多种细胞及细胞因子在时间、空间上高度协调而完成的,角膜基质细胞表型的改变和角膜基质ECM的重塑是该过程中两大重要步骤.目前,角膜屈光手术在世界范围内广泛开展,虽然大多数角膜屈光手术是顺利的,但角膜基质重塑过程中形成的基质混浊是屈光手术后视力损伤及视觉质量下降的主要原因.理解角膜损伤后基质重塑的过程,对探寻减少角膜混浊形成的方法具有重要意义.本文就角膜基质结构及其合成与组装、角膜损伤修复中基质重塑的病理生理过程以及角膜屈光手术后基质的重塑进行综述.

abstractsStroma is the major part of cornea.The factors maintain corneal stroma transparency include the ultrastructural anatomy and physiology of the cornea and its cellular and extracellular components.During corneal development,neural crest cells and keratoblasts differentiate into keratocytes,which synthesize high levels of collagen and proteoglycans.The production and assembly of collagen fibers need a series of intracellular and extracellular components.The assembled collagen fibers deposite in ECM,assemble into high-order structures to synthesize small fiber bundles,and then form a larger structure in a particular tissue.Corneal wound healing is completed in highly coordinate by various cells and cytokines in time and space.The keratocytes phenotype changes and the remodeling of corneal stroma ECM are two important factors in this process.Corneal refractive surgery are carried out in the worldwide,although most corneal refractive surgery are successful,But the stromal opacity formed during the remodeling of corneal stroma is the most important cause of visual impairment and visual quality decline after refractive surgery.Well understanding the course of stroma remodeling after corneal injury,is meaningful for the exploration of decreasing corneal opacity formation.In this paper,the corneal stroma structure and its synthesis and assembly,the pathophysiological process of stroma remodeling in corneal wound healing and after corneal refractive surgery were reviewed.