摘要光学相干弹性成像(OCE)是近年发展起来用于获取组织生物力学性能的新兴技术，类似于光学相干断层扫描血管成像，是一种功能性光学相干断层扫描成像技术。OCE技术通过探测眼球各组织在载荷激励下的力学响应，定量分析组织的应力－应变曲线或杨氏模量等生物力学指标，从而绘制出其弹性二维/三维图像。OCE具有多种优势，包括非侵入性、高分辨率、实时快速和三维成像能力；此外，该技术实现了结构图像和弹性图像相融合，能够同时提供眼组织的结构和力学属性信息，为眼科疾病的诊断和发病机制研究提供了新的视角和维度。本文从OCE的成像原理出发，就OCE的技术分类和研究现状，其在眼科领域的研究进展，包括辅助角膜屈光手术设计、圆锥角膜患者筛查、角膜交联手术疗效评估、白内障诊断分级、视网膜生物力学测量和近视发病机制研究等，以及OCE在实现眼科临床转化中面临的挑战和机遇进行综述。

abstractsOptical coherence elastography (OCE) is a novel technique developed in recent years to investigate the biomechanical properties of tissues, similar to optical coherence tomography angiography, a functional version of optical coherence tomography.OCE utilizes load excitation to detect the mechanical response of ocular tissues, facilitating quantitative analysis of stress-strain curves, Young's modulus, and other biomechanical indicators.It also generates two-dimensional/three-dimensional elastic maps of the tissues.With its noninvasive, high-resolution, real-time, rapid, and three-dimensional imaging capabilities, OCE provides both structural and mechanical information about ocular tissues, opening up new dimensions in ocular disease diagnosis and pathogenesis research.This article introduced the technical classification and research status of OCE, and highlighted its research progress in ophthalmology, including its applications in assisted refractive surgery design, keratoconus patient screening, assessment of corneal cross-linking surgery efficacy, cataract diagnosis and grading, measurement of retinal biomechanics, and research into myopia pathogenesis.The challenges and opportunities for clinical translation of OCE in ophthalmology were also discussed.