摘要高度近视(HM)是全世界低视力和盲的主要原因，已成为全球范围内日益严重的视觉健康问题，其复杂的发病机制是研究的热点。近年来，炎症在这一领域的作用逐渐受到重视。本文从眼内局部炎性细胞因子和系统炎症2个方面，以炎性细胞因子水平和炎症指标变化为依据，对炎症与HM之间的关系进行综述，探讨了白细胞介素、转化生长因子β、基质金属蛋白酶2、单核细胞趋化蛋白1等在HM发病中的潜在作用机制，即炎症可通过引起视网膜细胞凋亡、巩膜组织重塑、晶状体体积变化等参与HM的发生和发展。同时，HM患者外周血炎性细胞因子显著升高，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值等炎症参数与眼轴长度呈正相关，提示系统性炎症也可能影响HM的病理过程。深入研究炎症在HM中的作用，可能为发现预测HM的生物标志物及干预靶点提供新的研究思路。

abstractsHigh myopia (HM) is a leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide and is becoming a visual health concern globally.The complicated pathogenesis of HM remains an intense focus.Recently, the role of inflammation in HM has been gaining increasing attention.Based on the changes in the levels of local intraocular inflammatory cytokines and markers of systemic inflammation, this article reviews the relationship between inflammation and HM from local inflammatory cytokines in the eye and systemic inflammation, discusses the potential mechanisms of interleukin, transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinase-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, etc.in the pathogenesis of HM, which means that inflammation participates in the occurrence and development of HM by causing retinal cell apoptosis, scleral tissue remodeling, and lens volume changes.Moreover, inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood of HM patients are significantly elevated.Inflammatory parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, are positively correlated with axial length, suggesting that systemic inflammation may also influence the pathological process of HM.Further investigation into the role of inflammation in HM may provide new insights into identifying predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HM.