摘要Objective:To evaluate the evolution of the pathogen Mayaro virus,causing Mayaro fever (a mosquito-borne disease) and to perform selective pressure analysis and homology modelling.Methods:Nine different datasets were built,one for each protein (from protein C to non-structural protein 4) and the last one for the complete genome.Selective pressure and homology modelling analyses were applied.Results:Two main clades (A and B) were pointed in the maximum likelihood tree.The clade A included five Brazilian sequences sampled from 1955 to 2015.The Brazilian sequence sampled in 2014 significantly clustered with the Haitian sequence sampled in 2015.The clade B included the remaining 27 sequences sampled in the Central and Southern America from 1957 to 2013.Selective pressure analysis revealed several sites under episodic diversifying selection in envelope surface glycoprotein El,non-structural protein 1 and non-structural protein 3 with a posterior probability P≤0.01.Homology modelling showed different sites modified by selective pressure and some protein-protein interaction sites at high interaction propensity.Conclusion:Maximum likelihood analysis confirmed the Mayaro virus previous circulation in Haiti and the successful spread to the Caribbean and USA.Selective pressure analysis revealed a strong presence of negatively selected sites,suggesting a probable purging of deleterious polymorphisms in functional genes.Homology model showed the position 31,under selective pressure,located in the edge of the ADP-ribose binding site predicting to possess a high potential of protein-protein interaction and suggesting the possible chance for a protective vaccine,thus preventing Mayaro virus urbanization as with Chikungunya virus.