摘要目的：:调查贵州省兴义市农村和城市儿童青少年近视的患病率，并对其影响因素进行分析。方法：:横断面调查研究。采取分层抽样的方法，于2019年8─11月选取贵州省兴义市的6─19岁学生作为研究对象，共有8 413名学生参与研究，其中7 272名学生被纳入数据分析。对所有的研究对象进行视力、屈光检查，对学生视力不良影响因素进行问卷调查，并对近视的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果：:贵州省兴义市儿童青少年近视患病率为45.0%，通过卡方检验分析近视的患病率在性别（ χ2=25.093， P<0.001）、年级（ χ2=702.893， P<0.001、地区（ χ2=27.922， P<0.001）和民族（ χ2=450.077， P<0.001）的差异上均有统计学意义。一天的眼保健操次数少于1次（ OR=2.033， P=0.021）、家长因为作业而减少学生运动时间（ OR=1.375， P=0.009）、家长不限制学生用眼时间（ OR=1.263， P=0.033）、一年内不做视力检查（ OR=2.280， P=0.009）均是近视发生的危险因素。农村学生（ OR=0.527， P<0.001）教室的座位每2周调换一次（ OR=0.556， P=0.005）、课间的活动场所为户外（ OR=0.601， P<0.001）、入学前未参加课外补习班（ OR=0.736， P=0.019）、父母都不近视（ OR=0.480， P<0.001）是近视发生的保护因素。和当地的汉族学生相比，布依族和苗族学生不容易近视（ OR=0.168， P<0.001； OR=0.142， P<0.001）。 结论：:近视的发生受所在的环境、用眼时间、遗传、民族、年级、户外运动时间等多因素影响。贵州省兴义市儿童青少年近视患病率较高，随着年级增高而逐渐增高，城市地区的学生患病率高于农村地区。

abstractsObjective::To investigate the prevalence of myopia among urban and rural students in the Xingyi city of Guizhou province and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods::A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select students aged 6-19 years from Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, from August to November 2019 using stratified sampling. A total of 8 413 students participated in the study. Of these, 7 272 students were included in the data analysis. Visual acuity, refractive examination, were examined among all the subjects, and a questionnaire were finished and the factors that influence a students' poor visual comprehension were analyzed using logistic regression.Results::The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Xingyi city, Guizhou province, was 45.0%. The prevalence of myopia was statistically significant for gender ( χ2=25.093, P<0.001), grade ( χ2=702.893, P<0.001), region ( χ2=7.922, P<0.001), and ethnic ( χ2=450.077, P<0.001) group ( P<0.001). Risk factors for the occurrence of myopia included the following: eye exercises less than once a day ( OR=2.033, P=0.021), parents reducing students' exercise time due to homework ( OR=1.375, P=0.009), parents not limiting students' time for study ( OR=1.263, P=0.033), and not having a visual acuity examination within one year ( OR=2.280, P=0.009). The factors that protect against the occurrence of myopia included the following: Rural student ( OR=0.527, P<0.001) changing classroom seats twice a week ( OR=0.556, P=0.005), outdoor activity time between classes ( OR=0.604, P<0.001), students not participating in extracurricular cramming before school enrollment ( OR=0.736, P=0.019), and parents who were not myopic ( OR=0.480, P<0.001). Compared with the local Han nationality, the Buyi and Miao nationalities were less prone to develop myopia ( OR=0.168, P<0.001; OR=1.142, P<0.001). Conclusions::Myopia is affected by environment, amount of time studying, heredity, nationality, grade, and time spent doing outdoor exercise. The prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents in Xingyi city of Guizhou province is relatively high. With the increase in years for school enrollment, the prevalence of myopia among students in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas.