摘要目的 分析儿童开放性眼外伤的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析2014年10月至2016年5月住院的儿童开放性眼外伤87例(89眼)的临床资料.分为婴幼儿组(0～3岁)、学龄前组(4岁～7岁)、学龄组(8岁～12岁)和青少年组(13岁～18岁).对各组性别、年龄、致伤因素及就诊时间等临床特点进行分析.结果 本组开放性眼外伤占我院同期眼外伤住院患者的37.40％.男、女比例为3.35:1.学龄前组和婴幼儿组例数居多,分别占43.68％和29.89％.眼外伤的类型:眼球穿孔伤居多(58.62％),眼球破裂次之(24.14％).锐器刺伤所占比例,婴幼儿组为76.92％,学龄前组为60.53％,学龄组为43.75％,青少年组为14.29％;钝力导致的破裂伤所占比例,婴幼儿组为7.69％,学龄前组为23.68％,学龄组为31.25％,青少年组为71.43％.青少年组平均就诊时间最短为(7.14±7.798)h,婴幼儿组次之为(10.81 ±8.727)h,学龄前组为(21.13 ±.36.886)h,学龄组为(20.09±40.468)h,各组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.473).锐器穿孔伤及爆炸伤合并眼内异物存留的患者眼内炎的发生率为75.00％,而无眼内异物的患者眼内炎的发生率为19.64％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.036).结论 儿童眼外伤以学龄前组和婴幼儿组居多.男性多于女性.穿孔伤是主要外伤类型.

abstractsObjective To analyze the clinical characteristics of open globe injuries in children.Methods The data of 89 eyes of 87 cases of open globe injuries in children from Oct.2014 to May.2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.All cases were divided into 4 groups:the infants group (0-3 years),the preschool group (4-7 years),the school-age group (8-12 years) and the adolescent group (13-18 years).The distribution of sex and age,factors of injury and time of trauma to the treatment were analyzed.Results In the same period,37.40％ of hospitalized ocular trauma were children.The male and female were in ratio of 3.35:1.Most of the injuries occurred in preschool(43.68％) and infants(29.89％) group.Ocular penetrating injuries were in the majority accounted for 58.62％ and rupture injuries were 24.14％.The proportion of sharp instrument injury was 76.92％ in the infant group,60.53％ in preschool group,43.75％ in school-age group and 14.29％ in adolescent group.Meanwhile,rupture injuries caused by blunt accounted for 7.69％,23.68％,31.25％ and 71.43％ respectively.The average time of trauma to treatment was the shortest in the adolescent group (7.14 ±7.798) h,followed by the infant group (10.81 ± 8.727) h,(21.13 ±36.886) h in preschool group and (20.09 ±40.468) h in school-age group.But the difference in time of trauma to treatment wasn't statistically significant among the 4 groups (P =0.473).Penetrating injury and blast injury combined with intraocular foreign body were high risk factors of endophthalmitis.The incidence was 75.00％ in these patients,and patients without intraocular foreign body were 19.64％.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.036).Conclusion The patients of preschool and infants are more vulnerable to open globe injuries in children.There are more male patients than female.Penetrating is a major risk factor.