摘要This study investigated the anti-obesity potential of Panax ginseng-derived exosomes(PGE)by evaluating their influ-ence on energy metabolism,adipogenesis,and lipid accumulation.PGEs were isolated using a tangential flow filtra-tion system,yielding particles with an average diameter of 159.5 nm and a concentration of 3.9× 1012 particles/mL.In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,PGE treatment resulted in a 72.1％reduction in lipid accumulation,as demonstrated by Oil Red O staining,indicating significant inhibition of adipogenic differentiation.Elevated expression of surface markers TET-8(147.2％)verified the exosomal nature of the isolated vesicles.To determine their role in adipocyte differentiation,we analyzed gene and protein expression of key adipogenic markers-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-y),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta,and fatty acid-binding protein 4-revealing reductions of 23.6-35.6％and 26.7-35.2％,respectively.These results indicate downregulation of transcriptional and translational pathways driving adipogenesis.Lipogenic regulators,including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c,acetyl-CoA carboxylase,and fatty acid synthase,were also suppressed by 24.9-41.0％(gene)and 22.8-24.5％(protein),indi-cating impaired fatty acid synthesis.Conversely,AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)expression increased by up to 53.8％(gene)and 47.9％(protein),implying activation of energy homeostasis signaling.Immunofluorescence analysis showed a reduction in the MitoTracker/DAPI ratio(57.7-60.0％)and an increase in the F-actin/DAPI ratio(39.5-60.8％),indicating decreased mitochondrial activity and enhanced cytoskeletal integrity.These molecular changes were accompanied by AMPK activation and PPAR-γ inhibition.Collectively,these findings underscore the potential of PGEs as bioactive agents for obesity management by concurrently inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis,providing a strong basis for their application in anti-obesity functional foods and pharmaceutical products.