摘要Dear Editor,Mountain systems have long been refuges for many species,often viewed as"islands"that promote speciation due to geographic isolation(Rahbek et al.,2019).Their high environmental heterogeneity fosters centers of endemism,and they harbor over 85％of global species diversity(Zhao et al.,2022).Consequently,mountains are key systems for exploring biodiversity patterns along elevational gradients,where species richness often follows four recognized models:monotonic decrease,unimodal pattern(forward and backward peak patterns),and low plateau followed by a decrease along the elevational gradient(McCain et al.,2010).Currently,our understanding of elevational patterns remains limited compared to latitudinal patterns,yet clarifying them is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity hotspots and threatened taxa(Sun et al.,2020).Amphibians are notably susceptible to environmental shifts owing to restricted dispersal capabilities and physiological limitations,with 41％of species globally listed as threatened—much higher than mammals or birds(IUCN,2025).Their elevational distributions reflect niche differentiation,temperature tolerance,and dispersal limits,making them ideal models for biodiversity studies(Zhao et al.,2023;Borzée et al.,2025).Leigongshan National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as Mount Leigong),on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,is a hotspot for amphibians and the most species-rich protected area in Guizhou(Figure S1;Hu et al.,1973).While early surveys and sporadic updates revealed new species,comprehensive assessments of amphibian diversity and conservation status across elevations remain scarce.In recent years,climate change-induced water scarcity may have affected the survival of amphibians on Mount Leigong.Additionally,human activities such as engineering projects and tourism development may have damaged the habitats of these amphibians.Therefore,our study aims to(1)clarify amphibian species composition in Mount Leigong,(2)analyze their elevational distribution patterns,and(3)evaluate the conservation status of threatened species across gradients.