摘要篇首： Prostate cancer is the most prevalent nonskin cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States.It is estimated to affect millions of men worldwide and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.1 The detection and treatment of prostate cancer has changed significantly since the discovery of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the 1970s and the development of the first PSA serum assay in the 1980s.PSA testing has been implemented as a tumor marker and as a screening instrument for prostate cancer.Much data have been generated regarding the properties and usefulness of PSA in both roles.PSA velocity (PSAV), or the rate of increase in serum PSA levels over time, has been discussed and studied for many years as an adjunct to PSA alone in predicting prostate cancer.