摘要Tumors pose a serious threat to human life and health.In recent years,gene therapy against tumors has garnered considerable attention.Small interfering RNAs(siRNAs),an important class of nucleic acid drugs,can silence the mRNAs of tumor-associated genes with high specificity through RNA interference(RNAi),inhibiting tumor-related signaling pathways or protein expression and thereby exerting anti-tumor effects.However,anti-tumor siRNA drugs are currently in the clinical research stage,and none of these drugs have been approved for marketing,mainly because of the challenges in terms of safety,efficacy and targeted delivery.Nano-delivery systems can enhance siRNA stability and improve siRNA pharmacokinetics and biodistribution,while increasing their uptake by target cells to achieve precise delivery and controlled release,thereby serving as a promising solution to overcome the challenges of siRNA drug application.This review summarizes the existing research on the nano-delivery systems currently available to help siRNAs achieve organ-targeted delivery and enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of siRNAs,discussing the characteristics of siRNA action and the unique advantages of different types of nano-delivery systems.The aim was to provide novel ideas for the design and optimization of siRNA-based drug delivery and the development of novel anti-tumor formulations to promote the clinical translation and application of siRNA drugs.