摘要Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)as a systemic autoimmune disease,frequently triggers various extra-articular symptoms,particularly the RA-associated pneumonia.Unfortunately,the RA-associated pneumonia has garnered insufficient attention,and conventional RA therapies may exacerbate pneumonia-related complications,thereby complicating the treatment process.Herein,a novel dual immunoregulatory mRNA nanovaccine(MPDA@RC@HM)is designed for the efficient treatment of RA and RA-associated pneumonia simultaneously.This innovative mRNA nanovaccine represents a highly organized nanostructure that integrates the rapamycin-loaded mesoporous polydopamine(MPDA)with mRNA encoding the epitope of type Ⅱ collagen,and the surface is modified with hyaluronic acid and dendritic cell membrane.After intravenous injection into collagen-induced arthritis mice,the mRNA nanovaccine exhibits effective distribution and transfection within the spleen and lung,subsequently exerting potent immunoregulation in both organs,thereby yielding a dual therapeutic effect.This study presents a versatile mRNA nanovaccine platform for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and provides an innovative approach for addressing RA and RA-associated pneumonia.