摘要Objective:Root or rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Sanqi) is known for its eutherapeutic effects.Panax vietnamensis var.fuscidicus,called Yesanqi or Yuenan sanqi by local residents,is also commercially available.They are similar in morphology,leading to serious safety problems in clinical medication.It is necessary to find the rapid and efficient methods to identify them.Methods:P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus were identified by DNA barcoding based on the ITS2 sequence.Notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides (Rb1,Rg1,Re,Rd,Rc,and Rb2) were analyzed in the roots,fibrils,stems,leaves,and flowers of P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis vat.fuscidicus using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis vat.fuscidicus were separated into branches of divergent clusters,and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus and Panax vietnamensis were clustered into a clade with 98％ similarity according to DNA barcoding analysis.The chemical compositions of P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus were similar in roots;while their compositions and contents of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides in flowers,leaves,stems,and fibrils were different.Conclusion:ITS2 is a rapid and efficient method to identify P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus.HPLC analysis indicated that pharmacological action might be different between P.notoginseng and P.vietnamensis var.fuscidicus.