摘要Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women.Worldwide,the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer.Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally.A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic,hormonal,behavioral,environmental,and breast-related risk factors.Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer.Various screening modalities,including mammography,ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),and physical examination,have different applications,and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice.Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk,with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio.This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology,risk factors,and screening of breast cancer.Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.