摘要Exhausted T cell(Tex)is a specific state of T cell dysfunction,in which these T cells gradually lose their effector function and change their phenotype during chronic antigen stimulation.The enrichment of exhausted CD8+T cell(CD8+Tex)in the tumor microenvironment is one of the important reasons leading to the poor efficacy of immunotherapy.Recent studies have reported many reasons leading to the CD8+T cell exhaustion.In addition to cancer cells,myeloid cells can also contribute to T cell exhaustion via many ways.In this review,we discuss the history of the concept of exhaustion,CD8+T cell dysfunction states,the heterogeneity,origin,and characteristics of CD8+Tex.We then focus on the effects of myeloid cells on CD8+Tex,including tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),dendritic cells(DCs)and neutrophils.Finally,we systematically summarize current strategies and recent advancements in therapies reversing and CD8+T cell exhaustion.