摘要Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Histone lacty-lation,a new protein post-translational modification,can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer by regulating the structure of chromatin and gene transcription.This paper focuses on the role and mechanism of histone lactylation modification in the development of colorectal cancer.Additionally,the latest research progress and clinical experimental results are presented.This paper further shows that histone lactylation manipulates gene expression by affecting nuclear transcription factors and other epigenetic modifications involved in various life processes and subsequently regulates cell physiological function,revealing its regulatory mechanism and the functions of related en-zymes.The relationships between histone lactylation and energy metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and oxidative phos-phorylation are discussed in detail.The final part of this paper illustrates the important role of this modification in terms of the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer,cell metabolic reprogramming,and epigenetic regulation,supporting the clinical application of the use of histone lactylation as a biomarker.