摘要In the central nervous system,CX3CL1 is a transmembrane chemokine expressed on neurons,and its specific receptor CX3CR1 is located on microglia.The combination of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 is regarded as the bond of interaction between neurons and microglia.Bidirectional communication between microglia and neurons is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and overcoming neuroinflammation,which is thought to play an important role in neurode-generative and cerebrovascular diseases.This article reviews the mechanisms of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway in the proliferation,metabolism,activation,polarization and regulation of synaptic plasticity of microglia,and uses this sig-naling pathway as a target to regulate the role of microglia in the disease process,which may provide a new target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.