摘要目的 探索云南省西北地区野鼠鼠疫与人类的关系,提出野鼠鼠疫传播给人类的作用机制假设.方法 收集1985-1995年滇西北野鼠鼠疫不同生境宿主动物和蚤类相关监测资料,并于2007年调查疫区居民的生产生活情况和饲养猫、狗等动物情况,以及体外寄生蚤、室内游离蚤分布情况,并采集猫、狗血清检测F1抗体.结果 1985-1995年监测资料表明,大绒鼠是耕地和灌丛的优势鼠种,构成比分别为48.00%(4753/9902)和54.50%(4282/7857);齐氏姬鼠为园地的优势鼠种,构成比为50.47%(1332/2639).特新蚤指名亚种主要分布在园地、耕地和灌丛中,构成比分别为13.31%(229/1720)、12.31%(1678/13 739)和10.87%(957/8802),棕形额蚤主要分布在园地,构成比为39.88%(686/1720).2007年调查显示,32%(32/100)的村民家中养猫,其中63%(20/32)的猫身上带有跳蚤,而68%(68/100)的村民家中养狗,其中76%(52/68)的狗身上带有跳蚤.在居民饲养的43条狗体外收集到寄生蚤18匹,蚤指数为0.119,染蚤率为11.63%,另收集17户室内游离蚤,共捕获7匹,25匹蚤均系人蚤.采集到的43份狗血清,其中有3份F1抗体检测阳性.结论 居民在生产生活中有机会接触到染疫动物及媒介.野鼠鼠疫存在传播给人的可能性.其主要路径可能为:野鼠鼠疫-,媒介蚤或捕食→家养动物鼠疫(猫、狗等)→接触或呼吸→人.

abstractsObjective To explore the relationship between wild rodent plague and human in wild rodent plague foci of the northwestern area in Yunnan to probe the possible transmission mechanism of wild rodent plague to human. Methods Data of component ratio of rodents and fleas was collected in different areas from 1985 - 1995. Activities and habits of residents regarding the way they keep cats and dogs and parasitic fleas and free fleas indoor were investigated, the dog serum was collected for detecting F1 antibody. Results Eothenomys miletus were main rodents in farmland and shrub, accounting for 48.00% (4753/9902) and 54.50% (4282/7857), Apodemus chevrieri were main rodents in garden, being 50.47% (1332/2639). The component ratio of Neopsylla specialis specialis was 13.31%(229/1720), 12.31%(1678/13 739) and 10.87%(957/8802) respectively in garden, farmland and shrub, higher than in indoor. The component ratio of Frantcpsylla spodix was 39.88% (686/1720), the highest in garden. Thirty-two per cent (32/100) of residents kept cats,in which 63% (20/32) with cat fleas, 68% (68/100) of villages kept dogs, in which 76%(52/68) with fleas. Eighteen parasitic fleas were caught from 43 dogs with a flea index of 0.119 and a rate for fleas of 11.63%, 7 pulex were collected from 17 indoor. Forty-three blood serum samples were obtained from dogs, among which 3 were positive blood serum. Conclusions Residents touch affected animals or media in different situations. The possibility of transmission for wild rodent plague to human exists in loci in a chain of wild rodent plague → fleas or predation → homebred animal plague (cats or dogs) →touching or respiratory → human.