摘要目的 了解玉米烘干后敞口存放、食用前再脱皮对玉米含氟量的影响,为燃煤型氟中毒的防治提供依据.方法 2006年10月,在云南省昭通市镇雄县燃煤污染型氟中毒病区,采集农户家中用当地煤火刚烘干的玉米34份,3个月后再次采集上述农户家中敞口保存的玉米并脱皮,采用高温燃烧水解-氟离子选择电极法测定玉米含氟量.结果 氟中毒区农户刚烘干玉米含氟量为(4.29±1.87)mg/kg,敞口存放3个月后含氟量升至(6.64±2.64)mg/kg,平均增加幅度高达54.74%;脱皮后玉米含氟量为(5.03±2.04)mg/kg,平均降低幅度约为24.25%.结论 在燃煤污染型氟中毒区,应采取密闭、防潮等措施合理存放烘干玉米,尽可能的食用脱皮后的玉米,可在一定程度上降低氟中毒病区居民的摄氟量,减轻燃煤型氟中毒的危害.

abstractsObjective To explore the effect of open storage and peeling on the fluorine content of dried com in order to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of coal-combustion fluorosis. Methods In October 2006, 34 samples of freshly dried and 3-month old dried com were sampled in Zhenxiong county, Zhaotong city, Yunnan province. Fluorine content in corn was determined by combustion-hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. Results The average fluorine content of freshly dried corn by coal-combustion was (4.29 ±1.87)mg/kg,and increased to (6.64±2.64)mg/kg after they had been openly stored for three months and the average content increased by 54.74%. But if corn was peeled off, their fluorine content decreased to (5.03±2.04)mg/kg at a rate of 24.25%. The amount of fluorine absorbed by the skin of corn was more than other parts of com during corn desiccation. Conclusions The inhabitants in coal-combustion fluorosis areas ingest less fluorine through dry com if they eat the peeled corn and take measures to keep it airtight and moisture-proof during storage thus reducing the harm of coal-combustion fluorosis.