摘要目的 了解山东省地方性氟中毒病区降氟改水工程现状及水氟分布.方法 2005-2007年,根据<国家和山东省地方性氟中毒防治项目方案>的要求,对山东省17个市全部降氟改水工程的改水形式、水源类型、运转状况进行调查;同时对尚在运转的改水工程水氟进行检测,方法为离子选择电极法.结果 山东省共建降氟改水工程5816处,分布于全省17个市110个县(市、区),覆盖地氟病村8776个,主要为打井改水工程,占94.55%(5499/5816),水源类型以地下水为主,达97.73%(5684/5816);运转正常与基本正常的工程占75.91%(4415/5816),供水村数7246个,受益人口6 946 459人,报废工程占24.09%(1401/5816),包含病村1530个;尚在运转的4415处工程,水氟达标(≤1.0mg/L)的占65.53%(2893/4415),水氟＞1.0 mg/L的达34.47%(1522/4415),其中＞2.0 mg/L的548处,＞4.0 mg/L的97处,水氟最大值9.71 mg/L.结论 山东省降氟改水工程有近1/4报废停用;尚在运行的工程水氟超标严重,达1/3以上,且有97处工程水氟＞4.0 mg/L.因此亟须强化措施,增加投入,加强对降氟设施的维护、监管及水氟监测.

abstractsObjective To investigate the present situation of water-improving defluoridation project and the distribution of water fluoride in fluorosis areas in Shandong province. Methods In 2005 - 2007, according to "The National and Shandong province Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control", the water-improving form,water type and the running status of defluoridation project in 17 cities of Shandong province were investigated, and the water-fluoride of the running projects were determined by F- ion selective electrode. Results A total of 5816projects were built that involved 8776 villages, 110 counties, 17 cities distributed in Shandong province. In which,the drilling of water-improving projects accounting for 94.55% (5499/5816), under-ground water type 97.73%(5684/5816);operating normally accounting for 75.91% (4415/5816), 7246 villages were supplied with the water, beneficiary population 6 946 459 people, non-normal projects accounting for 24.09%(1401/5816), including 1530 diseased villages. There were still 4415 projects running well. The projects with water fluoride lower than 1.0mg/L were 2893, accounting for 65.53% (2893/4415). The water fluoride higher than 1.0 mg/L accounted for 34.47%(1522/4415), ＞ 2.0 mg/L of 548, ＞ 4.0 mg/L of 97, and the maximum value of water fluoride was 9.71mg/L. Conclusions Nearly 1/4 of the water-improving projects in Shandong province are abnormal. The water fluoride of the project of more than 1/3 are exceeding the standard( ＞ 1.0 mg/L) in 4415 projects, and water-fluoride of 97 projects are higher than 4.0 mg/L. More measures should be taken to strengthen the supervision of the projects and monitoring of water fluoride.