摘要目的:了解新疆维吾尔自治区重点人群碘营养状况，为科学补碘及防治措施调整提供依据。方法:2020—2024年以全疆96个县（市、区）为监测单位。采用分层整群随机抽样方法，每年每个监测县（市、区）按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区，每个片区抽取1个乡镇/街道（至少包括1个街道），每个乡镇/街道抽取1所小学，每所小学抽取8 ~ 10岁非寄宿学生40名（年龄、性别均衡），采集其家庭食用盐盐样和即时尿样，进行盐碘、尿碘含量检测和甲状腺检查。每个乡镇/街道抽取20名孕妇，采集其家庭食用盐盐样和即时尿样，进行盐碘、尿碘含量检测。结果:2020—2024年，共采集食用盐盐样142 737份，其中合格碘盐139 304份，合格碘盐食用率为97.59%，盐碘中位数为26.85 mg/kg。共检测儿童尿样96 647份，尿碘中位数为218.7 μg/L；孕妇尿样46 302份，尿碘中位数为195.2 μg/L。共对93 789名儿童进行甲状腺检查，甲状腺肿大率为0.61%（576/93 789）。结论:2020—2024年新疆维吾尔自治区重点人群碘营养整体处于适宜水平，持续稳定保持碘缺乏病消除状态。

abstractsObjective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of key populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and provide a basis for scientific iodine supplementation and adjustment of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2020 to 2024, 96 counties (cities and districts) across the whole region were selected as the monitoring units. A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed. Each monitoring county (city and district) was divided into five sampling areas based on the four cardinal directions and center. One township or street (including at least one street) was selected from each area, and one primary school was selected from each township/street. From each primary school, 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 (age and gender balanced) were selected. Their household edible salt samples and instant urine samples were collected for testing of salt iodine and urine iodine levels, as well as thyroid examination. Twenty pregnant women were selected from each township or street, and their household edible salt samples and instant urine samples were collected for testing of salt iodine and urine iodine levels.Results:From 2020 to 2024, a total of 142 737 household salt samples were collected, of which 139 304 were qualified iodized salt. The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.59%, and the median salt iodine level was 26.85 mg/kg. A total of 96 647 urine samples from children were tested, with a median urinary iodine level of 218.7 μg/L. There were 46 302 urine samples from pregnant women, with a median urinary iodine level of 195.2 μg/L. A total of 93 789 children underwent thyroid examination, and the goiter rate was 0.61% (576/93 789).Conclusion:From 2020 to 2024, the iodine nutrition of key populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is generally at an appropriate level, maintaining a state of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders in a continuous and stable manner.