摘要Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with cancer development since their discovery more than a hundred years ago.Chromosomal translocations,a type of particular structural changes involving heterologous chromosomes,have made a critical impact on diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of cancers.For example,the discovery oftranslocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and the subsequent success oftargeting the fusion product BCR-ABL transformed the therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia.In the past few decades,tremendous progress has been achieved towards elucidating the mechanism causing chromosomal translocations.This review focuses on the basic mechanisms underlying the generation of chromosomal translocations.In particular,the contribution of frequency of DNA double strand breaks and spatial proximity of translocating loci is discussed.