摘要Spinal cord injury ( SCI ) leads to high rate of mortality. SCI consists of primary spinal cord injury and secondary spinal cord injury. The first step is primary mechanical damage that occurs within minutes as a result of mechanical SCI. The second step is the secondary injury triggered by the primary damage. Then it leads to apoptotic nerve cell death. Currently, the management of patients with acute spinal cord injury ( SCI ) includes pharmacological agents, surgical intervention and cellular therapies. Pharmacological agents includes steroids, including methylprednisolone, ganglioside GM-1, opioid receptor antagonists, thyrotropin releasing hormone and its analogs, nimodipine, gacyclidine ( GK11 ), magnesium, minocycline, cethrin , erythropoietin, estrogen, progesterone, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, riluzole, atorvastatin, and antioxidants. Recently, attempted cellular therapy and transplantations are promising. Cellular therapy consists of Schwann cell transplantation, olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation, bone marrow cells transplantation, stimulated macrophages transplantation and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells transplantation. Today, the most important problem is ineffectiveness of nonsurgical treatment choices in human SCI that showed neuroprotective effects in animal studies. Simultaneously, there is still no consensus about the treatment.