摘要Objective This article summarizes the key points distinguishing the brucellosis and ankylosing spondylitis based on literature review,providing clinical references.Methods We retrospectively reviewed a case of brucellosis in our hospital.Hip arthritis and sacroiliac arthritis were the initial symptoms,involving spinal joints.The initial diagnosis was ankylosing spondylitis,which was later corrected to brucellosis-related arthritis and spondylitis after further examinations.The patient received treatment with third-generation cephalosporins,rifampicin,and doxycycline combination therapy.Results X-ray and MRI images of the sacroiliac and hip joints showed similarities to those seen in ankylosing spondylitis cases.After 6 weeks of combined treatment,the patient's symptoms improved significantly without disease progression or recurrence during follow-up.Conclusions Brucellosis and ankylosing spondylitis have distinct details in terms of laboratory tests,axial joint involvement,peripheral joint involvement,and radiographic changes.History of exposure along with pathogen testing is crucial for early identification and diagnosis of Brucellosis.