摘要目的：评价右美托咪定与曲马朵对直肠癌根治术患者围术期胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法择期行开腹直肠癌根治术患者60例，采用随机数字表法将其分为三组，右美托咪定组（D 组，n ＝20），麻醉诱导前15 min 静脉微泵注射1μg／kg 右美托咪定，然后以0．5μg·kg －1·h －1维持至关腹；曲马朵组（T 组，n ＝20），于麻醉诱导前15 min 静脉微泵注射1．5 mg／kg 曲马朵，然后以0．5 mg·kg －1·h －1维持至关腹；对照组（C 组， n ＝20），微泵注射0．9％氯化钠注射液至关腹。于麻醉开始前30 min（T1）、手术开始后1 h（T2）、术后1 h （T3）、术后24 h（T4）采集静脉血，测定血糖（BG）、胰岛素（INS）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的浓度，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）及胰岛素敏感指数（ISI），分别观察术后1 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h患者发生恶心呕吐（PONV）次数。结果与 C 组比较，D 组、T 组 T2～4时血清 INS、IL-6、TNF-α浓度、BG、HOMA-IR 均较低[D 组：t ＝7．71、3．37、8．78、8．73、11．45（T2），3．04、2．95、12．75、10．73、16．09（T3），11．26、2．45、11．40、5．10、14．5（T4），均 P ＜0．05；T 组：t ＝3．02、2．59、2．93、7．76、6．32（T2），8．78、2．27、4．14、8．83、7．68（T3），6．10、2．05、3．71、2．35、7．12（T4），均 P ＜0．05]，ISI 升高[D 组：t ＝2．82（T2），2．92（T3），2．51（T4），均 P ＜0．05；T 组：t ＝2．03（T2），2．12（T3），2．09（T4），均 P ＜0．05]。与 T 组比较，D 组 T2～4时 TNF-α浓度、HOMA-IR 降低[t ＝6．68、4．58（T2），9．01、6．66（T3），7．54、5．5（T4），均 P ＜0．05]、ISI 升高[t ＝2．05（T2），2．23（T3），2．02（T4），均 P ＜0．05]。PONV 总发生次数 T 组（11次）显著多于 D 组（4次）和 C 组（5次）（χ2＝26．13、18．75，均 P ＜0．05），D 组和 C 组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．72，P ＞0．05）。结论右美托咪定与曲马朵均能有效减轻直肠癌根治术患者围术期胰岛素抵抗，其作用机制可能与右美托咪定和曲马朵能降低IL-6、TNF-α水平有关，而右美托咪定作用优于曲马朵，术后恶心呕吐发生率低。

abstractsObjective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine and tramadol on perioperative insulin resistance in patients undergoing radical resection of rectal carcinoma.Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients undergo-ing radical resection of rectal carcinoma were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =20 each):dexmedetomidine group (group D),tramadol group(group T),control group(group C).Group D was given dexmedetomidine intravenously at 1μg/kg 15min before induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5μg·kg -1 ·h -1 until the abdo-men was closed,and group T was given tramadol intravenously at 1.5mg/kg 15min before induction of anesthesia fol-lowed by a continuous infusion of 0.5mg·kg -1 ·h -1 until the abdomen was closed,whereas group C received the same volume of normal saline.Venous blood samples were taken at 30min before anesthesia induction(T1 ),1 h after the beginning of the operation(T2 ),1h after operation(T3 ),24h after operation(T4 )for determination of blood con-centrations of glucose(BG),insulin(INS),interleukin -6 (IL -6),tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF -α).Insulin resistance(HOMA -IR)and insulin sensitivity index(QUICKI)were calculated.The numbers of patients with PONV were studied respectively.Results The serum IL -6,TNF -α,BG,INS concentrations and HOMA -IR were signifi-cantly lower while ISI was significantly higher in both group D[t =7.71,3.37,8.78,8.73,11.45,2.82(T2 ),3.04, 2.95,12.75,10.73,16.09,2.92(T3 ),11.26,2.45,11.40,5.10,14.5,2.51(T4 ),all P <0.05]and group T[t =3.02,2.59,2.93,7.76,6.32,2.03(T2 ),8.78,2.27,4.14,8.83,7.68,2.12(T3 ),6.10,2.05,3.71,2.35,7.12, 2.09(T4 ),all P <0.05]at T2 ,T3 and T4 than those in group C.The serum TNF -αconcentration and HOMA -IR were significantly lower while ISI was significantly higher in group D[t =6.68,4.58,2.05 (T2 ),9.01,6.66,2.23 (T3 ),7.54,5.5,2.02(T4 ),all P <0.05]at T2 ,T3 and T4 than those in group T.The numbers of patients with PONV were significantly higher in group T than those in group D and group C (χ2 =26.13,18.75,all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine and tramadol can attenuate perioperative insulin resistance in patients undergo-ing Radical Resection of Rectal Carcinoma,and the decrease the consentrations of IL -6 and TNF -αmay be involved in the mechanism.The roles of prevention of perioperative insulin resistance in dexmedetomidine group are superior to tramadol group.The incidence of PONV is less in a dexmedetomidine group than that in a tramadol group.