摘要Despite extensive studies on the morphology of holometabolous insects and their larvae,the morphological transformations of internal structures during metamor-phosis have been rarely documented.Here,we used micro-computed tomography to in-vestigate the developmental transformations of thoracic structures in the green lacewing Chrysopa pallens(Rambur,1838)(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae),with emphasis on the de-velopment of the digestive,tracheal,and thoracic skeleto-muscular system.All the adult organs were modified during the prepupal or early pupal stage.The histolysis and remod-eling began with the skeletal elements,followed by changes in the digestive system before it concluded with modifications of the musculature.Similar to the tracheal system's de-velopment,the digestive system did not disappear completely throughout metamorphosis but underwent a dramatic morphological change,which included the midgut significantly decreasing in size during the pupal stage.Our results provide important evidence for un-derstanding the evolutionary pattern of developmental transformations in different major lineages of Holometabola.