摘要目的:探讨改良中文版小儿呼吸和哮喘控制测试(TRACK-C)评估5岁及以下小儿哮喘控制水平及影响因素。方法:本研究为前瞻性队列研究，选取2020年6月至2022年3月北部战区总医院新生儿科就诊的143例哮喘患儿，男71例，女72例，年龄(3.00±1.91)岁，年龄范围为1~5岁。根据TARCK-C评分将患儿分为哮喘控制组( n＝87)与哮喘未控制组( n＝56)。收集患儿哮喘相关影响因素及其监护人认知情况，采用多因素logistic回归分析患儿哮喘控制水平的影响因素。 结果:哮喘控制组与哮喘未控制组患儿的母乳喂养>6个月、呼吸道感染史、过敏史及哮喘家族史比较，差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。哮喘控制组与哮喘未控制组患儿监护人的文化程度、家庭收入及认知水平比较，差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，呼吸道感染史( OR＝2.602，95% CI：1.230~3.495)、过敏史( OR＝1.067，95% CI：1.026~2.752)、哮喘家族史( OR＝3.391，95% CI：1.296~7.578)、监护人文化程度低(初中及以下， OR＝1.284，95% CI：1.159~1.422)及家庭收入低(<5 000元， OR＝3.370，95% CI：1.502~7.501)是影响患儿哮喘控制水平的危险因素( P<0.05)，母乳喂养>6个月( OR＝0.824，95% CI：1.283~1.633)、监护人认知水平高( OR＝0.679，95% CI：0.482~0.751)是影响患儿哮喘控制水平的保护因素( P<0.05)。 结论:呼吸道感染史、过敏史、哮喘家族史、监护人文化程度低及家庭收入低是影响患儿哮喘控制水平的危险因素，母乳喂养>6个月、监护人认知水平高是影响5岁及以下小儿哮喘控制水平的保护因素。

abstractsObjective:To explore the test for respiratory and asthma control in kids-Chinese version(TRACK-C) for evaluating the asthma control level and influencing factors in children aged 5 years old and under.Methods:This study was a prospective cohort study, a total of 143 children with asthma admitted to department of Neonatology in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from June 2020 to March 2022 were selected, including 71 males and 72 females, aged (3.00±1.91) years old, ranging from 1 to 5 years old.According to the TARCK-C score, the children were divided into the asthma control group ( n=87) and the asthma uncontrolled group ( n=56). Collect the influencing factors related to asthma in children and the cognitive status of their guardians, and use multivariate logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of asthma control level in children. Results:There were statistically significant differences in breastfeeding for more than 6 months, history of respiratory tract infection, allergy history and family history of asthma between the asthma control group and the asthma uncontrolled group ( P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the educational level, family income and cognitive level of the guardians of children in the asthma control group and the asthma uncontrolled group ( P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that history of respiratory tract infection ( OR=2.602, 95% CI: 1.230 to 3.495), allergy history ( OR=1.067, 95% CI: 1.026 to 2.752), and family history of asthma ( OR=3.391, 95% CI: 1.296 to 7.578), low educational level of guardians (junior high school and below, OR=1.284, 95% CI: 1.159 to 1.422), and low family income (<5 000 yuan, OR=3.370, 95% CI: 1.502 to 7.501) is a risk factor affecting the control level of asthma in children.Breastfeeding for more than 6 months ( OR=0.824, 95% CI: 1.283 to 1.633) and the cognitive level of guardians ( OR=0.679, 95% CI: 0.482 to 0.751) are protective factors affecting the control level of asthma in children. Conclusions:History of respiratory tract infection, allergy history, family history of asthma, low educational level of guardians and low family income are risk factors affecting the control level of asthma in children.Breastfeeding for more than 6 months and the high cognitive level of guardians are protective factors affecting the control level of asthma in children aged 5 years old and under.