摘要肠内营养与肠外营养是临床营养支持的基石，对于改善患者营养状况、促进康复至关重要。然而，临床实践中观察到患者对营养支持的反应和耐受性存在显著的个体差异，部分患者甚至出现严重的代谢并发症，如高血糖、高脂血症、肠外营养相关性肝病等。这提示传统“一刀切”的营养支持方案难以满足所有患者的需求。基因组学，特别是营养基因组学的兴起，揭示了营养素与基因相互作用的奥秘，即遗传背景影响着个体对营养素的代谢、吸收、利用以及相关疾病的易感性。本文旨在综述基因组学在肠内营养和肠外营养领域的应用现状，探讨其如何指导个体化营养方案的制定，以提高疗效、降低风险，并展望其在未来精准营养治疗中的前景和挑战。

abstractsEnteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) are the cornerstones of clinical nutritional support, crucial for improving patients' nutritional status and promoting recovery. However, significant variations have been observed in patients' response and tolerance to nutritional support in clinical practice. Some patients even develop serious metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Therefore, the traditional "one-fits-all" strategy can not meet the individual patient needs. Genomics, particularly nutrigenomics, has unveiled the mysteries of nutrient-gene interactions, revealing how genetic background influences an individual's metabolism, absorption, and utilization of nutrients as well as the susceptibility to nutrition-related diseases. This article reviews the role of genomics in EN and PN, exploring its potential to guide individualized nutritional plans for improved efficacy and safety, while also addressing future challenges in precision nutrition therapy.