摘要Amyloid beta(Aβ)plaques are one of the hall-marks of Alzheimer's disease(AD).However,currently available anti-amyloid therapies fail to show effectiveness in the treatment of AD in humans.It has been found that there are different types of Aβ plaque(diffuse and focal types)in the postmortem human brain.In this study,we aimed to investigate the correlations among different types of Aβ plaque and AD-related neuropathological and cogni-tive changes based on a postmortem human brain bank in China.The results indicated that focal plaques,but not diffuse plaques,significantly increased with age in the human hip-pocampus.We also found that the number of focal plaques was positively correlated with the severity of AD-related neu-ropathological changes(measured by the"ABC"scoring sys-tem)and cognitive decline(measured by the Everyday Cog-nitive Insider Questionnaire).Furthermore,most of the focal plaques were co-localized with neuritic plaques(identified by Bielschowsky silver staining)and accompanied by micro-glial and other inflammatory cells.Our findings suggest the potential of using focal-type but not general Aβ plaques as biomarkers for the neuropathological evaluation of AD.