摘要Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) examination allows for the three-dimensional visualization of cerebellar peduncles. The present case-control study analyzed the relationship between functional recovery of intracerebral hematoma patient and cerebellar peduncle injury, as detected by DTI. The enrolled patient could not sit at 3 weeks after onset, but was able to walk independently and perform most daily activities after 4 months. The 3-week DTT images revealed that all six cerebellar peduncles were compressed by the hematoma, posterior portions of all three left cerebellar peduncles were shortened, and the left middle cerebellar peduncle was interrupted in the mid-portion. The 4-week DTT images showed that all compressed cerebellar peduncles were ameliorated, although injured posterior portions of the three left cerebellar peduncles did not recover. The fractional anisotropy value of the right inferior cerebellar peduncle increased from two standard deviations below the normal control value to within two standard deviations of the normal control value. These findings suggested that functional recovery was primarily due to decompression of compressed cerebellar peduncles, and not to recovery of injured cerebellar peduncles. DTI evaluations of cerebellar peduncles could be helpful when cerebellar peduncle injury is suspected.