摘要The P300, an endogenous subcomponent of the event-related potential, is thought to reflect cognitive processes. The event-related potential evoked by the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm is suitable for examining the neural processes involved in malingered neurocognitive deficits. Forty-four undergraduates were randomly assigned to a simulated malingering group and a truth-telling group. Another 22 patients with head injuries were enrolled as a control group. All participants completed the old-new memory recognition task in the oddball paradigm. The mean P300 amplitude of the simulated malingering group was significantly reduced compared with the truth-telling group (P < 0.01), but was increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). These results revealed that the P300, evoked by the old-new memory recognition task of the oddball paradigm, may be a helpful indicator for determining cognitive malingering.