摘要The present study sought to explore the mechanism of action by which icariin, an active component of Epimedii Herba, treats Alzheimer's disease at the proteomics level. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to isolate total protein from the entorhinal cortex of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and differential protein spots were obtained. Corresponding peptide mass fingerprinting was conducted through mass spectrography to identify differential protein spots. Twenty-six differential protein spots were found in the entorhinal area of SAMP8 mice at 8 weeks following intragastric perfusion with icariin and double distilled water. Fourteen spots were identified, which were involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuronal function. The results revealed that icariin can regulate the expression of various proteins in the entorhinal cortex of SAMP8 mice, and treat Alzheimer's disease by improving mitochondrial function, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting neuracell apoptosis, and protecting neurons.