摘要The structural plasticity of synaptic terminals contributes to normal nervous system function but also to neural degeneration, in the form of terminal retraction, and regeneration, due to process growth. Synaptic morphological change is mediated through the actin cytoskeleton, which is enriched in axonal and dendrit-ic terminals. Whereas the three RhoGTPases, RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac, function as upstream signaling nodes sensitive to extracellular stimuli, LIMK-coiflin activity serves as a common downstream effector to up-reg-ulate actin turnover, which is necessary for both polymerization and depolymerization. The dual effects of LIMK activity make LIMK a potential target of therapeutic intervention for injury-induced synaptic plas-ticity, as LIMK inhibition can stabilize actin cytoskeleton and preserve existing structure. This therapeutic beneift of LIMK inhibition has been demonstrated in animal models of injury-induced axon retraction and neuritic sprouting by rod photoreceptors. A better understanding of the regulation of LIMK-coiflin activity and the interaction with the microtubular cytoskeleton may open new ways to promote synaptic regenera-tion that can beneift neuronal degenerative disease.