摘要Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane protein that has important roles in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes by transporting three Na+out of and two K+into cells.Additionally,Na+/K+-ATPase participates in Ca2+-signaling transduction and neurotransmitter release by coordinating the ion concentration gradient across the cell membrane.Na+/K+-ATPase works synergistically with multiple ion channels in the cell membrane to form a dynamic network of ion homeostatic regulation and affects cellular communication by regulating chemical signals and the ion balance among different types of cells.Therefore,it is not surprising that Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction has emerged as a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases.However,published studies have so far only elucidated the important roles of Na+/K+-ATPase dysfunction in disease development,and we are lacking detailed mechanisms to clarify how Na+/K+-ATPase affects cell function.Our recent studies revealed that membrane loss of Na+/K+-ATPase is a key mechanism in many neurological disorders,particularly stroke and Parkinson's disease.Stabilization of plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase with an antibody is a novel strategy to treat these diseases.For this reason,Na+/K+-ATPase acts not only as a simple ion pump but also as a sensor/regulator or cytoprotective protein,participating in signal transduction such as neuronal autophagy and apoptosis,and glial cell migration.Thus,the present review attempts to summarize the novel biological functions of Na+/K+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase-related pathogenesis.The potential for novel strategies to treat Na+/K+-ATPase-related brain diseases will also be discussed.