摘要Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)is a significant cause of disability in children.Improving brain function and accelerating neurological recovery may require a combination of neuroprotective and pro-regenerative treatments at different stages of HIE.While the first hours after the neonatal insult are the most critical period for neuroprotection,the existence of secondary and tertiary mechanisms of brain injury offers the possibility of preventing delayed neurodegeneration in the subsequent days,weeks,or months(Levison et al.,2022).This extended therapeutic window could also be utilized for therapies aimed at enhancing brain repair and regeneration.In this context,the formation of glial and fibrotic scars,while necessary to maintain or restore the integrity of brain tissue,is considered a major barrier to regeneration and might have delayed detrimental effects on brain function,thus representing a promising target for novel therapies.