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Complementary roles of glial cells in generating region-specific neuroinflammatory responses and phagocytosis in Parkinson's disease

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摘要Neuroinflammation is associated with Parkinson's disease:Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease(PD),a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons.Neuroinflammation has long been considered a mere consequence of neuronal loss,but whether it promotes PD or is a key player in disease progression remains to be determined.Human leukocyte antigen,also known as major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ(MHCⅡ),is expressed on all antigen-presenting cells of the immune system including microglia and central nervous system resident macrophages,and interestingly,its expression is increased in post-mortem PD samples(McGeer,1988;Imamura,2003).