摘要Stroke,particularly ischemic stroke,induces dynamic interactions between peripheral monocytes and central nervous system cells,influencing neuroinflammation,repair,and functional recovery.Monocytes infiltrate the brain post-stroke and differentiate into macrophages,which interact with microglia,astrocytes,endothelial cells,and neurons.These interactions,mediated by chemokines,cytokines,and extracellular vesicles,can be detrimental or beneficial depending on context.Another interface is the gut-immune-brain axis,wherein gut microbiota,immune cells,and central nervous system-resident populations engage in reciprocal communication.Emerging therapies targeting monocyte subsets,their recruitment,and communication pathways.These include preconditioned peripheral blood mononuclear cells,bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells,mesenchymal stem cells,and cell-free or cell-mediated approaches utilizing the secretome.Together,these interventions hold promise for enhancing stroke recovery by modulating the immune-neural interface.This review summarizes recent advances in monocyte-central nervous system communication and its translational potential in stroke.