摘要Objective: To investigate the relationship between the growth and development speed and the expression of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in children. Methods: A total of 78 healthy children who received physical examination in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were randomly selected by cluster sampling, which were divided into three groups according to the standard deviation unit curve of height and weight, namely, the delayed group (n=11), the normal group (n=51) and the tachycardia group. Fasting venous blood was collected in the early morning to detect the levels of GH and IGF-1 from the three groups of children according to the relevant operation standards. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between Δheight,Δweight and GH, IGF-1 in all children. Results: Overall analysis showed that there were significant differences in height and weight among the three groups of children on the day of enrollment, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after enrollment (P＜0.05). Intra-group comparison showed that the height and weight levels of the children in the three groups at 12 months were significantly higher than those on the day of enrollment, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The height and weight of children in normal group and tachycardia group were significantly higher than those in tardy group on the day of enrollment, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after enrollment (P＜0.05). The height and weight of the children in the tachycardia group were higher than those in the normal group on the day of admission, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after admission (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in Δheight and Δweight among the three groups (P＜0.05). The Δheight and Δweight of children in normal group and tachycardia group were higher than those in delayed group, and the Δheight and Δweight of children in tachycardia group were higher than those in normal group (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the levels of GH and IGF-1 among the three groups on the day of enrollment and 12 months after enrollment ( P＜0.05). The levels of GH and IGF-1 in normal group and tachycardia group were higher than those in delayed group on the same day and 12 months after treatment ( P＜0.05), and the levels of GH and IGF-1 in tachycardia group were higher than those in normal group on the same day and 12 months after treatment (P＜0.05). The changes of GH and IGF0-1 in the three groups were compared, and there was no significant difference in ΔGH and ΔIGF-1 among the three groups (P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Δheight and Δweight were positively correlated with GH and IGF-1 (R=0.715-0.886, P＜0.05). Conclusion:There is a close relationship between the growth and development speed of children and the expression of GH and IGF-1 in the body, which can be used as a diagnostic basis for the diseases related to abnormal growth and development in children.