摘要目的 探讨重庆市主城区50岁以上人群中年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)的患病情况及相关危险因素.方法 对重庆主城区老年大学及敬老院50岁以上人员进行ARMD的流行病学调查.采用问卷调查和眼部裂隙灯、检眼镜等检查方法,进行视力、角膜、瞳孔、晶状体和眼底等检查.ARMD的诊断采用全国高等学校教材眼科学(第7版)的标准,部分可疑ARMD患者行眼底照相后再(或)做眼底荧光造影检查.结果 本研究受检人群1513人,确诊ARMD患者122例(178只眼),ARMD的患病率8.06%.确诊患者中干性(萎缩性)ARMD 117例(171只眼),占95.90%;湿性(渗出性)ARMD 5例(7只眼),占4.10%.与ARMD患病有关的危险因素有:性别、高血压病史、吸烟嗜酒史、白内障手术史等;与ARMD患病无明显相关的因素有:雌激素、体重指数、VitC、E、Zn等抗氧化剂的补充及食用油种类等.本受检人群中ARMD患者Amsler表检查敏感性19.66%,特异性95.37%.结论 该病治疗重在早期预防,注意相关危险因素的规避和完善营养素的补充,尽量控制ARMD病变发展.

abstractsObjective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related maeular degeneration(ARMD)in Chongqing residents older than 50 years.Methods A total of 1513 people in Older university or nursing home from central urban area of Chongqing underwent a epidemiological survey about ARMD.A questionnaire and the examination of visual acuity,cornea,pupil,lens and fundus were also carried out.The diagnosis of ARMD was made according to the standard of the 7th edition for higher education science textbooks of the ophthalmology section.Fundus photography and(or)fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)were used to confirm and document the diagnosis.Results 8.06% of the included population had ARMD and 5 of them were exudative ARMD.Risk factors related to ARMD are:Gender,History of hypertension,History of smoking and alcoholics,History of cataract surgery,et al.Associated factors had no significant to ARMD are:Estrogen,Body mass index,Antioxidant supplement such as Vit C,Vit E,Zn and Types of edible oil,et al.The sensitivity of Amsler Table was 19.66% and specificity was 95.37% among the population with ARMD checked.Conclusions Focus on early prevention of disease treatment,attention to risk factors related to the circumvention and improve the nutrient supplement,try best to control the development of ARMD lesions.