摘要人工耳蜗植入(CI)是重度-极重度感音神经性聋且助听器配戴效果不佳患者有效的干预方法之一,听觉诱发电位(auditory evoked potential,AEP)贯穿CI术前评估、术中监测、术后疗效评估与康复管理的全流程.术前通过耳声发射(otoacoustic emission,OAE)、耳蜗电图(electrocochleography,ECochG)、听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)、分频听性脑干反应(tone-burst auditory brainstem response,TB-ABR)、听觉稳态反应(auditory steady-state evoked potential,ASSR)和40 Hz听觉相关电位(40 Hz auditory event-related potentials,40 Hz AERP)等检测,评估听力损失程度与性质、病变部位及听觉通路完整性与发育成熟度.术中依托ECochG、电诱发复合动作电位(electrically compound action potential,ECAP)、电诱发听性脑干反应(electrically evoked auditory brainstem response,EABR)和电诱发镫骨肌反射(electrically evoked stapedius reflex,ESR)的实时反馈,实现电极精准植入、残余听力保护与预测术后效果.术后通过ECAP、EABR和皮层听觉诱发电位(cortical auditory evoked potentials,CAEP)共同构建客观调机与疗效评估体系.AEP结合影像学、效果问卷和行为测听的多模态评估策略,可实现CI个体化精准诊疗.