摘要Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength,leading to increased fragility.Buqi-Tongluo(BQTL)decoction,a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescription,has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis.To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhib-its osteoclast differentiation in vitro and validate these findings through in vivo experiments.We employed MTS assays to assess the potential proliferative or toxic effects of BQTL on bone marrow macrophages(BMMs)at various concentrations.TRAcP experiments were conduc-ted to examine BQTL's impact on osteoclast differentiation.RT-PCR and Western blot ana-lyses were utilized to evaluate the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins under BQTL stimulation.Finally,in vivo experiments were performed using an osteo-porosis model to further validate the in vitro findings.This study revealed that BQTL sup-pressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteo-clast resorption activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without observable cytotoxicity.The inhibitory effects of BQTL on osteoclast formation and function were attributed to the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-fos activity,primarily through attenuation of the MAPK,NF-κB,and Calcineurin signaling pathways.BQTL's inhibitory capacity was further examined in vivo using an ovariectomized(OVX)rat model,demonstrating a strong protective effect against bone loss.BQTL may serve as an effective therapeutic TCM for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis and the alleviation of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and related conditions.