摘要Ten novel xanthones,garpedunxanthones A-G(1-5,6a/6b,7a/7b)and nujiangxanthone Q(8),along with sixteen known analogs(9-24),were isolated from Garcinia pedunculata and G.nujiangensis.Their structures were elucidated through high-resolution electrospray ioniza-tion mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS)data,comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopic analyses,and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.All com-pounds without cytotoxicity were assessed for anti-inflammatory properties by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide(NO)production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells.Structure-activity relationships are also discussed.Compounds 7b,19,and 21 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 16.44±0.69,14.28±0.78,and 10.67±3.28 μmol·L-1,respectively.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)demonstrated that compounds 7b,19,and 21 inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibitory effect of compound 21 on IL-6 at 20 μmol·L-1 was comparable to that of the positive control.In network pharmacology studies,potential targets of compounds and inflammation were identified from PharmMapper and GeneCards databases.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)en-richment analysis revealed that the overlapped targets were intricately associated with major pathogenic processes linked to inflammation,including positive regulation of mitogen-activ-ated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade,protein kinase activity,NO synthase regulator activity,MAPK signaling pathway,and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.