摘要In this study,araucarene diterpenes,characterized by a pimarene skeleton with a variably ox-idized side chain at C-13,were investigated.A total of 16 araucarene diterpenoids and their derivatives were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara,including 11 previously unre-ported compounds:dammaradione(1),dammarones D-G(2,5,14,15),dammaric acids B-F(8-12),and dammarol(16).The structures of these new compounds were elucidated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HR-ESI-MS)and one-dimension-al/two-dimensional(1D/2D)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),while their absolute config-urations were determined through the electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method and Snatzke's method.The hypoglycemic activity of all isolated compounds was eval-uated using a transgenic zebrafish model,and a structure-activity relationship(SAR)analysis was conducted.Araucarone(3)and dammaric acid C(9),serving as representative com-pounds,demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effects on zebrafish.The primary mechanism involves the promotion of pancreatic β cell regeneration and glucose uptake.Specifically,these compounds enhance the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine precursor cells(PEP cells)into β cells in zebrafish.